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Concept technique

MCP

MCP, Model Context Protocol

Open protocol to connect language models to external tools. Becoming the HTTP of AI agents in 2026, with massive adoption from Anthropic, OpenAI, Google.

01 · Qu'est-ce que c'est ?

MCP, for Model Context Protocol, is an open protocol published by Anthropic in November 2024 then transferred to an open-source foundation in December 2025. Its goal: standardize how language-model-based AI agents (Claude, GPT, Gemini, Mistral) access external tools, data sources and business functions. It is the equivalent of what HTTP was for the web: an interoperability protocol that survives changes of implementation.

Before MCP, every LLM vendor exposed its own tool API (OpenAI function calling, Anthropic tool use, etc.), incompatible with each other. For an agent to switch models, you had to rewrite every connector. MCP unifies: an MCP server exposes its capabilities, and any client (Claude, GPT, custom agent) can connect to it without adaptation.

Why MCP matters in 2026

  • Major adoption: the main LLM providers adopted or announced MCP between late 2024 and mid-2025.
  • Model decoupling: an agent that speaks MCP can switch from Claude to GPT to Mistral without modifying its connectors.
  • Security by construction: exposed capabilities are declared, scoped, authenticatable. No more ad hoc plumbing.
  • Discoverability: an agent dynamically discovers the tools available in an MCP server, with no manual documentation.

02 · Qui est concerné ?

MCP is relevant to three audiences. SaaS vendors who want their APIs to be consumable by customer AI agents. Internal IT teams building agents who want to stay free in their model choice. CTOs who want to avoid lock-in by an LLM vendor. In 2026, exposing your APIs in MCP becomes a standard equivalent to exposing a REST API in 2015.

03 · Comment Swoft applique ce concept

At Swoft, MCP is one of five protocols generated isomorphically from the operations registry. A business operation is declared once in the metamodel, and it is automatically exposed as REST HATEOAS, MCP, real-time Server-Sent Events, TypeScript types for the front-end, and a CLI command. The five protocols share the same input schema, preconditions and guidance metadata. No desynchronization is possible.

Concretely, Swoft exposes 33 MCP servers organized along Conway's Law, totaling more than 700 tools. Each AI agent, built by Swoft or by a customer, accesses these tools through the same MCP channel as Claude or GPT. This uniformity reduces integration cost and ensures agents survive model migrations.

06 · Questions fréquentes

Does MCP replace REST?
No, MCP complements REST. REST remains the reference protocol for humans and classical front-ends. MCP is optimized for AI agents: natural-language descriptions, guidance metadata, enriched JSON schemas. A good architecture exposes both in parallel from the same source of truth.
How do I start with MCP?
Anthropic publishes a reference specification and official SDKs in TypeScript and Python. For a SaaS vendor, the shortest path: expose the most-used business operations through a minimal MCP server, test with Claude Desktop or a custom agent, then iterate. Count one to two weeks for a working MVP.
Does MCP raise security concerns?
Like any capability-exposure protocol, MCP requires a rigorous authentication and authorization policy. The specification supports OAuth 2.1 (ADR-166 at Swoft). Best practices are the same as for a REST API exposed to third parties: scopes, audit, rate limiting, segmentation by bounded context.
Is MCP an official standard?
MCP was published by Anthropic in November 2024, then transferred to an open-source foundation in December 2025. It is not (yet) an ISO or IETF standard, but has reached a critical adoption mass making it de facto the market reference. Its evolution is governed by the foundation, with open contributions.

Sources officielles

Réglementations connexes

  • Règlement (UE) 2024/1689 sur l'intelligence artificielle
    Partially in force

    EU AI Act

    Règlement (UE) 2024/1689 sur l'intelligence artificielle

    Premier cadre horizontal mondial de régulation de l'IA. Obligations IA haut risque applicables le 2 août 2026.

    • B2B SaaS
    • Banking
    • Defense
    • +1

Articles d'analyse

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    SaaS

    MCP, le HTTP des agents IA, expliqué pour les CTO en 2026

    Le Model Context Protocol publié par Anthropic en 2024 est devenu le standard de fait pour connecter les LLM aux outils. Pourquoi il compte, comment l'adopter, à quoi faire attention.

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